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| 养老机构老年慢性病患者益处发现的潜在剖面分析及影响因素 |
| Latent profile analysis and influencing factors of benefit finding of elderly patients with chronic diseases in pension institutions |
| 投稿时间：2025-11-08 修订日期：2026-01-03 |
| DOI： |
| 中文关键词: 养老机构；慢性病；益处发现；潜在剖面分析；影响因素 |
| 英文关键词: pension institutions;chronic disease;benefit finding;latent profile analysis;influencing factors |
| 基金项目:安徽省科学研究重点项目 |
| 作者 | 单位 | 邮编 | | 洪宝珍 | 安庆医药高等专科学校 | 246052 | | 杨擎* | 安徽医科大学安庆医学中心 | 246052 |
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| 中文摘要: |
| 目的 了解安庆市养老机构老年慢性病患者益处发现的潜在类别及其影响因素。方法 于2025年4月至8月便利抽取安庆市4所养老机构301例老年慢性病患者为研究对象，采用一般资料调查表、老年慢性病患者益处发现问卷、领悟社会支持量表进行调查，运用潜在剖面分析探究养老机构老年慢性病患者益处发现潜在类别，运用多元Logistic回归分析识别影响因素。结果 301例养老机构老年慢性病患者益处发现总分为（77.66±13.41）分。潜在剖面分析共识别出3个潜在类别，即“高成长-高获益组”（n=61，20.26%)、“低灵性—中获益组”（n=111,36.87%）及“低利他—低获益组”（n=129，42.85%）。Logistic回归分析显示，以“低利他—低获益组”作为参照，经常体育锻炼（B=1.468,OR=4.342,p<0.05)、无疾病负担（B=4.119,OR=61.505,p<0.05)、较轻程度疾病负担（B=1.984,OR=7.269,p<0.05）、高领悟社会支持水平（B=0.201，OR=1.222，p<0.001）是“高成长-高获益组”的预测因素（p<0.05）；经常体育锻炼（B=1.297，OR=3.658，p<0.05）、较轻程度疾病负担（B=1.269，OR=3.557，p<0.05）、高领悟社会支持水平（B=0.079，OR=1.082，p<0.001）是“低灵性—中获益组”的预测因素。结论 养老机构老年慢性病患者益处发现总体处于中等偏上水平，且存在群体异质性。经常体育锻炼、无或较轻程度疾病负担、高领悟社会支持水平是益处发现的积极因素。提示养老机构医护人员应根据老年慢性病患者益处发现分类特点及影响因素，制定个性化的心理护理干预，以提高其益处发现水平。 |
| 英文摘要: |
| Objective To understand the potential categories of benefit finding and their influencing factors among elderly patients with chronic diseases in elderly care institutions in Anqing City. Methods From April to August 2025, 301 elderly patients with chronic diseases from 4 elderly care institutions in Anqing City were conveniently selected as the research subjects. General information questionnaires, the Elderly Chronic Disease Patients' Benefit Finding Questionnaire, and the Perceived Social Support Scale were used for the investigation. Latent profile analysis was employed to explore the potential categories of benefit finding among elderly patients with chronic diseases in elderly care institutions, and multiple logistic regression analysis was used to identify the influencing factors. Results The total score of benefit finding among the 301 elderly patients with chronic diseases in elderly care institutions was (77.66 ± 13.41) points. Latent profile analysis identified three potential categories, namely, the "High Growth - High Benefit Group" (n = 61, 20.26%), the "Low Spirituality - Medium Benefit Group" (n = 111, 36.87%), and the "Low Altruism - Low Benefit Group" (n = 129, 42.85%). Logistic regression analysis showed that, taking the "Low Altruism - Low Benefit Group" as the reference, regular physical exercise (B = 1.468, OR = 4.342, p < 0.05), no disease burden (B = 4.119, OR = 61.505, p < 0.05), mild disease burden (B = 1.984, OR = 7.269, p < 0.05), and high perceived social support level (B = 0.201, OR = 1.222, p < 0.001) were the predictive factors for the "High Growth - High Benefit Group" (p < 0.05); regular physical exercise (B = 1.297, OR = 3.658, p < 0.05), mild disease burden (B = 1.269, OR = 3.557, p < 0.05), and high perceived social support level (B = 0.079, OR = 1.082, p < 0.001) were the predictive factors for the "Low Spirituality - Medium Benefit Group". Conclusion The level of benefit finding among elderly patients with chronic diseases in elderly care institutions is above average and shows heterogeneity among groups. Regular physical exercise, no or mild disease burden, and high perceived social support level are positive factors for benefit finding. It is suggested that medical staff in elderly care institutions should develop personalized psychological nursing interventions based on the characteristics and influencing factors of benefit finding among elderly patients with chronic diseases to improve their level of benefit finding. |
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