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| 法医生物斑迹留存时间推断的研究进展 |
| Estimating the Time since Deposition (TsD) of Forensic Biological Stains: A Systematic Review of the Literature |
| 投稿时间：2025-02-21 修订日期：2025-07-26 |
| DOI： |
| 中文关键词: 法医学;生物斑迹;留存时间;案件分析;司法鉴定 |
| 英文关键词: forensic medicine;biological stains;time since Deposition;case analysis;Judicial identification |
| 基金项目:2025年中国医科大学大学生创新创业训练计划；2024年宁夏回族自治区重点研发计划项目(2024BEG03013)；辽宁省科学技术计划项目(2024JH2/102500079) |
| 作者 | 单位 | 邮编 | | 赵星天 | 中国医科大学第二临床学院 | 110122 | | 狄谱旭 | 杭州市公安局西湖分局 | | | 张博 | 中国刑事警察学院刑事科学技术学院 | | | 张楠 | 中国刑事警察学院刑事科学技术学院 | | | 张璐* | 中国刑事警察学院刑事科学技术学院 | 110854 | | 姚军 | 中国医科大学法医学院 | |
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| 中文摘要: |
| 生物斑迹在法医学、生态学、考古学等领域的应用广泛,且法医生物斑迹中蕴含着丰富的犯罪信息。在犯罪现场调查中,准确推断生物斑迹的留存时间对排查犯罪嫌疑人、缩小侦查范围至关重要,对执法机构起诉犯罪行为具有重要价值,已成为现代法医学中的一个热点课题。斑迹的留存时间受多种因素影响,包括环境条件、生物斑迹的类型、外部污染物等。过去的研究主要集中在DNA降解机制的探索、不同生物体斑迹的保留特性以及各种物理化学方法的应用上。随着分子生物学、化学分析技术的进步,尽管生物斑迹留存时间的推断已越来越精准,取得了很多成果,但这些方法尚未成为标准程序的一部分,也没有统一的分析方法。对目前研究在提高推断准确性方面的成果进行总结、分析挑战并对未来研究方法提出展望将有助于其在司法实践中更好的应用。 |
| 英文摘要: |
| Biological traces are increasingly applied in fields such as forensic science, ecology, and archaeology.Biological stains in forensic medicine contain rich criminal information. In criminal scene investigations, accurately determining the time since deposition of biological stains is crucial for investigating and identifying the suspect, It has significant value for law enforcement agencies in prosecuting criminal behavior. And that makes it a key topic in modern forensic medicine.The time since deposition of biological traces is influenced by various factors, including environmental conditions(such as temperature, humidity and light), the type of biological stains, and external contaminants. Past research has mainly focused on exploring DNA degradation mechanisms, the retention characteristics of traces from different organisms, and the application of various physicochemical methods. With advancements in molecular biology and chemical analysis techniques, although the inference of the time since deposition of biological stains has become increasingly accurate and many achievements have been made, these methods have yet to become part of standard procedures, and there is no unified analytical approach. Summarizing and analyzing the current research achievements in improving the accuracy of inference, while addressing the challenges, and providing prospects for future research methods, will help enhance their application in judicial practice. |
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